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template <class Type> Type exp_eps(const Type &x, const Type &epsilon) { // abs_x = |x| Type abs_x = x; if( Type(0) > x ) abs_x = - x; // initialize int k = 0; // initial order Type term = 1.; // term = |x|^k / k ! Type sum = term; // initial sum while(term > epsilon) { k = k + 1; // order for next term Type temp = term * abs_x; // term = |x|^k / (k-1)! term = temp / Type(k); // term = |x|^k / k ! sum = sum + term; // sum = 1 + ... + |x|^k / k ! } // In the case where x is negative, use exp(x) = 1 / exp(-|x|) if( Type(0) > x ) sum = Type(1) / sum; return sum; }